The Travels of Marco Polo 4 – Yule · Library Across
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The Travels of Marco Polo 4Preface (part 4)
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Literature · Adventure
The Travels of Marco Polo 4
Preface (part 4)
YuleEnglish
Original first published in the Annali di Agricoltura Siciliana, redatti per l’Istituzione del Principe di Castelnuovo. Palermo, 1852.
1868 Marco Polo and his Recent Editors. (Quarterly Review, vol. 125, July and Oct. 1868, pp. 133 and 166.)
1870 An Endeavour to Elucidate Rashiduddin’s Geographical Notices of India. (Journal R. Asiatic Society, N.S. iv. 1870, pp. 340–356.)
——— Some Account of the Senbyú Pagoda at Mengún, near the Burmese Capital, in a Memorandum by Capt. E. H. Sladen, Political Agent at Mandalé; with Remarks on the Subject, by Col. H. Yule. (Ibid. pp. 406–429.)
——— Notes on Analogies of Manners between the Indo-Chinese and the Races of the Malay Archipelago. (Report Fortieth Meeting British Association, Liverpool, Sept. 1870, p. 178.)
1871 The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Newly translated and edited with notes. By Col. H. Yule. In two volumes. With Maps and other Illustrations. London, John Murray, 1871, 2 vols. 8vo.
——— The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian, concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East. Newly translated and edited, with Notes, Maps, and other Illustrations. By Col. H. Yule. Second edition. London, John Murray, 1875, 2 vols. 8vo.
1871 Address by Col. H. Yule (Report Forty-First Meeting British Association, Edinburgh, Aug. 1871, pp. 162–174.)
1872 A Journey to the Source of the River Oxus. By Captain John Wood, Indian Navy. New edition, edited by his Son. With an Essay on the Geography of the Valley of the Oxus. By Col. H. Yule. With maps. London, John Murray, 1872. In–8, pp. xc.–280.
——— Papers connected with the Upper Oxus Regions. (Journal, xlii. 1872, pp. 438–481.)
——— Letter [on Yule’s edition of Wood’s Oxus]. (Ocean Highways, Feb. 1874, p. 475.)
Palermo, 9th Jan. 1874.
1873 Letter [about the route of M. Polo through Southern Kerman]. (Ocean Highways, March, 1873, p. 385.)
Palermo, 11th Jan. 1873.
——— On Northern Sumatra and especially Achin. (Ocean Highways, Aug. 1873, pp. 177–183.)
——— Notes on Hwen Thsang’s Account of the Principalities of Tokharistan, in which some previous Geographical Identifications are reconsidered. (Jour. Royal Asiatic Society, N.S. vi. 1873, pp. 92–120 and p. 278.)
1874 Francis Garnier (In Memoriam). (Ocean Highways, pp. 487–491.) March, 1874.
——— Remarks on Mr. Phillips’s Paper [Notices of Southern Mangi]. (Journal, XLIV. 1874, pp. 103–112.)
Palermo, 22nd Feb. 1874.
——— [Sir Frederic Goldsmid’s] “Telegraph and Travel.” (Geographical Magazine, April, 1874, p. 34; Oct. 1874, pp. 300–303.)
——— Geographical Notes on the Basins of the Oxus and the Zarafshán. By the late Alexis Fedchenko. (Geog. Mag., May, 1874, pp. 46–54.)
——— [Mr. Ashton Dilke on the Valley of the Ili.] (Geog. Mag., June, 1874, p. 123.) Palermo, 16th May, 1874.
——— The Atlas Sinensis and other Sinensiana. (Geog. Mag., 1st July, 1847, pp. 147–148.)
——— Letter [on Belasaghun]. (Geog. Mag., 1st July, 1874, p. 167; Ibid. 1st Sept. 1874, p. 254.)
Palermo, 17th June, 1874; 8th Aug. 1874.
1874 Bala Sagun and Karakorum. By Eugene Schuyler. With note by Col. Yule. (Geog. Mag., 1st Dec. 1874, p. 389.)
——— M. Khanikoff’s Identifications of Names in Clavijo. (Ibid. pp. 389–390.)
1875 Notes [to the translation by Eugene Schuyler of Palladius’s version of The Journey of the Chinese Traveller, Chang Fe-hui]. (Geog. Mag., 1st Jan. 1875, pp. 7–11.)
——— Some Unscientific Notes on the History of Plants. (Geog. Mag., 1st Feb. 1875, pp. 49–51.)
——— Trade Routes to Western China. (Geog. Mag., April, 1875, pp. 97–101.)
——— Garden of Transmigrated Souls [Friar Odoric]. (Geog. Mag., 1st May, 1875, pp. 137–138.)
——— A Glance at the Results of the Expedition to Hissar. By Herr P. Lerch. (Geog. Mag., 1st Nov. 1875, pp. 334–339.)
——— Kathay or Cathay. (Johnson’s American Cyclopædia.)
——— Achín. (Encycl. Brit. 9th edition, 1875, I. pp. 95–97.)
——— Afghânistân. (Ibid. pp. 227–241.)
——— Andaman Islands. (Ibid. II. 1875, pp. 11–13.)
——— India [Ancient]. (Map No. 31, 1874, in An Atlas of Ancient Geography, edited by William Smith and George Grove. London, John Murray, 1875.)
1876 Mongolia, the Tangut Country, and the Solitudes of Northern Tibet, being a Narrative of Three Years’ Travel in Eastern High Asia. By Lieut.-Col. N. Prejevalsky, of the Russian Staff Corps; Mem. of the Imp. Russ. Geog. Soc. Translated by E. Delmar Morgan, F.R.G.S. With Introduction and Notes by Col. H. Yule. With Maps and Illustrations. London, Sampson Low, 1876, 8vo.
——— Tibet ... Edited by C. R. Markham. Notice of. (Times, 1876, ——?)
——— Review of H. Howorth’s History of the Mongols, Part I. (_The _Athenæum, No. 2560, 18th Nov. 1876, pp. 654–656.) Correspondence. (Ibid. No. 2561, 25th Nov. 1876.)
——— Review of T. E. Gordon’s Roof of the World. (The Academy, 15th July, 1876, pp. 49–50.)
1876 Cambodia. (Encycl. Brit. IV. 1876, pp. 723–726.)
1877 Champa. (Geog. Mag., 1st March, 1877, pp. 66–67.)
Article written for the Encycl. Brit. 9th edition, but omitted for reasons which the writer did not clearly understand.
——— Quid, si Mundus evolvatur? (Spectator, 24th March, 1877.)
Written in 1875.—Signed MARCUS PAULUS VENETUS.
——— On Louis de Backer’s L’Extrême-Orient au Moyen-Age. (The Athenæum, No. 2598, 11th Aug. 1877, pp. 174–175.)
——— On P. Dabry de Thiersant’s Catholicisme en Chine. (The Athenæum, No. 2599, 18th Aug. 1877, pp. 209–210.)
——— Review of Thomas de Quincey, His Life and Writings. By H. A. Page. (Times, 27th Aug. 1877.)
——— Companions of Faust. Letter on the Claims of P. Castaldi. (Times, Sept. 1877.)
1878 The late Col. T. G. Montgomerie, R.E. (Bengal). (R. E. Journal, April, 1878.) 8vo, pp. 8.
——— Mr. Henry M. Stanley and the Royal Geographical Society; being the Record of a Protest. By Col. H. Yule and H. M. Hyndman B.A., F.R.G.S. London: Bickers and Son, 1878, 8vo, pp. 48.
——— Review of Burma, Past and Present; with Personal Reminiscences of the Country. By Lieut.-Gen. Albert Fytche. (The Athenæum, No. 2634, 20th April, 1878, pp. 499–500.)
——— Kayal. (The Athenæum, No. 2634, 20th April, 1878, p. 515.)
Letter dated April, 1878.
——— Missions in Southern India. (Letter to Pall Mall Gazette, 20th June, 1878.)
——— Mr. Stanley and his Letters of 1875. (Letter to Pall Mall Gazette, 30th Jan. 1878.)
——— Review of Richthofen’s China, Bd. I. (The Academy, 13th April, 1878, pp. 315–316.)
——— [A foreshadowing of the Phonograph.] (The Athenæum, No. 2636, 4th May, 1878.)
1879 A Memorial of the Life and Services of Maj.-Gen. W. W. H. Greathed, C.B., Royal Engineers (Bengal), (1826–1878). Compiled by a Friend and Brother Officer. London, printed for private circulation, 1879, 8vo, pp. 57.
——— Review of Gaur: its Ruins and Inscriptions. By John Henry Ravenshaw. (The Athenæum, No. 2672, 11th Jan. 1879, pp. 42–44.)
——— Wellington College. (Letter to Pall Mall Gazette, 14th April, 1879.)
——— Dr. Holub’s Travels. (The Athenæum, No. 2710, 4th Oct. 1879, pp. 436–437.)
——— Letter to Comm. Berchet, dated 2nd Dec. 1878. (Archivio Veneto XVII. 1879, pp. 360–362.)
Regarding some documents discovered by the Ab. Cav. V. Zanetti.
——— Gaur. (Encyclop. Brit. X. 1879, pp. 112–116.)
——— Ghazni. (Ibid. pp. 559–562.)
——— Gilgit. (Ibid. pp. 596–599.)
——— Singular Coincidences. (The Athenæum, No. 2719, 6th Dec. 1879.)
1880 [Brief Obituary Notice of] General W. C. Macleod. (Pall Mall Gazette, 10th April, 1880.)
——— [Obituary Notice of] Gen. W. C. Macleod. (Proc. R. Geog. Soc., June, 1880.)
——— An Ode in Brown Pig. Suggested by reading Mr. Lang’s Ballades in Blue China. [Signed MARCUS PAULUS VENETUS.] (St. James’ Gazette, 17th July, 1880.)
——— Notes on Analogies of Manners between the Indo-Chinese Races and the Races of the Indian Archipelago. By Col. Yule (Journ. Anthrop. Inst. of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. ix., 1880, pp. 290–301.)
——— Sketches of Asia in the Thirteenth Century and of Marco Polo’s Travels, delivered at Royal Engineer Institute, 18th Nov. 1880.
[This Lecture, with slight modification, was also delivered on other occasions both before and after. Doubtful if ever fully reported.]
——— Dr. Holub’s Collections. (The Athenæum, No. 2724, 10th Jan. 1880.)
——— Prof. Max Müller’s Paper at the Royal Asiatic Society. (The Athenæum, No. 2731, 28th Feb. 1880, p. 285.)
——— The Temple of Buddha Gaya. (Review of Dr. Rajendralála Mitra’s Buddha Gaya.) (Sat. Rev., 27th March, 1870.)
——— Mr. Gladstone and Count Karolyi. (Letter to The Examiner, 22nd May, 1880, signed TRISTRAM SHANDY.)
——— Stupa of Barhut. [Review of Cunningham’s work.] (Sat. Rev., 5th June, 1880.)
——— From Africa: Southampton, Fifth October, 1880.
[Verses to Sir Bartle Frere.] (Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, Nov. 1880.)
——— Review of H. Howorth’s History of the Mongols, Part II. (The Athenæum, No. 2762, 2nd Oct. 1880, pp. 425–427.)
——— Verboten ist, a Rhineland Rhapsody. (Printed for private circulation only.)
——— Hindú-Kúsh. (Encyclop. Brit. XI. 1880, pp. 837–839.)
——— The River of Golden Sand, the Narrative of a Journey through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah, With Illustrations and ten Maps from Original Surveys. By Capt. W. Gill, Royal Engineers. With an Introductory Essay. By Col. H. Yule, London, John Murray, ... 1880, 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 95–420, 11–453.
——— The River of Golden Sand: Being the Narrative of a Journey through China and Eastern Tibet to Burmah. By the late Capt. W. Gill, R.E. Condensed by Edward Colborne Baber, Chinese Secretary to H.M.’s Legation at Peking. Edited, with a Memoir and Introductory Essay, by Col. H. Yule. With Portrait, Map, and Woodcuts. London, John Murray, 1883, 8vo., pp. 141–332.
——— Memoir of Captain W. Gill, R.E., and Introductory Essay as prefixed to the New Edition of the “River of Golden Sand.” By Col. H. Yule. London, John Murray, ... 1884, 8vo. [Paged 19–141.]
1881 [Notice on William Yule] in Persian Manuscripts in the British Museum. By Sir F. J. Goldsmid.
(The Athenæum, No. 2813, 24th Sept. 1881, pp. 401–403.)
——— Il Beato Odorico di Pordenone, ed i suoi Viaggi: Cenni dettati dal Col. Enrico Yule, quando s’inaugurava in Pordenone il Busto di Odorico il giorno, 23° Settembre, MDCCCLXXXI, 8vo. pp. 8.
——— Hwen T’sang. (Encyclop. Brit. XII. 1881, pp. 418–419.)
——— Ibn Batuta. (Ibid. pp. 607–609.)
——— Kâfiristân. (Ibid. XIII. 1881, pp. 820–823.)
——— Major James Rennell, F.R.S., of the Bengal Engineers. [Reprinted from the Royal Engineers’ Journal], 8vo., pp. 16.
(Dated 7th Dec. 1881.)
1881 Notice of Sir William E. Baker. (St. James’ Gazette, 27th Dec. 1881.)
——— Parallels [Matthew Arnold and de Barros]. (The Athenæum, No. 2790, 16th April, 1881, pp. 536.)
1882 Memoir of Gen. Sir William Erskine Baker, K.C.B., Royal Engineers (Bengal). Compiled by two old friends, brother officers and pupils. London. Printed for private circulation, 1882, 8vo., pp. 67.
By H. Y[ule] and R. M. [Gen. R. Maclagan].
——— Etymological Notes. (The Athenæum, No. 2837, 11th March, 1882; No. 2840, 1st April, 1882, p. 413.)
——— Lhása. (Encyclop. Brit. XIV. 1882, pp. 496–503.)
——— Wadono. (The Athenæum, No. 2846, 13th May, 1882, p. 602.)
——— Dr. John Brown. (The Athenæum, No. 2847, 20th May, 1882, pp. 635–636.)
——— A Manuscript of Marco Polo. (The Athenæum, No. 2851, 17th June, 1882, pp. 765–766.)
[About Baron Nordenskiöld’s Facsimile Edition.]
——— Review of Ancient India as described by Ktesias the Knidian, etc. By J. W. M’Crindle. (The Athenæum, No. 2860, 19th Aug. 1882, pp. 237–238.)
——— The Silver Coinage of Thibet. (Review of Terrien de Lacouperie’s Paper.) (The Academy, 19th Aug. 1882, pp 140–141.)
——— Review of The Indian Balhara and the Arabian Intercourse with India. By Edward Thomas. (The Athenæum, No. 2866, 30th Sept. 1882, pp. 428–429.)
——— The Expedition of Professor Palmer, Capt. Gill, and Lieut. Charrington. (Letter in The Times, 16th Oct. 1882.)
——— Obituary Notice of Dr. Arthur Burnell. (Times, 20th Oct. 1882.)
——— Capt. William Gill, R.E. [Notice of]. (The Times, 31st Oct. 1882.)
See supra, first col. of this page.
——— Notes on the Oldest Records of the Sea Route to China from Western Asia. By Col. Yule. Proc. of the Royal Geographical Society, and Monthly Record of Geography, Nov. No. 1882, 8vo.
Proceedings, N.S. IV. 1882, pp. 649–660. Read at the Geographical Section, Brit. Assoc., Southampton Meeting, augmented and revised by the author.
1883 Lord Lawrence. [Review of Life of Lord Lawrence. By R. Bosworth Smith.] (Quarterly Review, vol. 155, April, 1883, pp. 289–326.)
——— Review of Across Chrysé. By A. R. Colquhoun. (The Athenæum, No. 2900, 26th May, 1883, pp. 663–665.)
——— La Terra del Fuoco e Carlo Darwin. (Extract from Letter published by the Fanfulla, Rome 2nd June, 1883.)
——— How was the Trireme rowed? (The Academy, 6th Oct. 1883, p. 237.)
——— Across Chrysé. (The Athenæum, No. 2922, 27th Oct. 1883.)
——— Political Fellowship in the India Council. (Letter in The Times, 15th Dec. 1883.) [Heading was not Yule’s.]
——— Maldive Islands. (Encyclop. Brit. XV. 1883, pp. 327–332.)
——— Mandeville. (Ibid. pp. 473–475.)
1884 A Sketch of the Career of Gen. John Reid Becher, C.B., Royal Engineers (Bengal). By an old friend and brother officer. Printed for private circulation, 1884, 8vo, pp. 40.
——— Ruc Quills. (The Academy, No. 620, 22nd March, 1884, pp. 204–205.) Reprinted in present ed. of Marco Polo, vol. ii. p. 596.
——— Lord Canning. (Letter in The Times, 2nd April, 1884.)
——— Sir Bartle Frere [Letter respecting Memorial of]. (St. James’ Gazette, 27th July, 1884.)
——— Odoric. (Encyclop. Brit. XVIII. 1884, pp. 728–729.)
——— Ormus. (Ibid. pp. 856–858.)
1885 Memorials of Gen. Sir Edward Harris Greathed, K.C.B. Compiled by the late Lieut.-Gen. Alex. Cunningham Robertson, C.B. Printed for private circulation. (With a prefatory notice of the compiler.) London, Harrison & Sons, ... 1885, 8vo, pp. 95.
The Prefatory Notice of Gen. A. C. Robertson is by H. Yule, June, 1885, p. iii.–viii.
——— Anglo-Indianisms. (Letter in the St. James’ Gazette, 30th July, 1885.)
——— Obituary Notice of Col. Grant Allan, Madras Army. (From the Army and Navy Gazette, 22nd Aug. 1885.)
——— Shameless Advertisements. (Letter in The Times, 28th Oct. 1885.)
1886 Marco Polo. (Encyclop. Brit. XIX. 1885, pp. 404–409.)
——— Prester John. (Ibid. pp. 714–718.)
——— Brief Notice of Sir Edward Clive Bayley. Pages ix.–xiv. [Prefixed to The History of India as told by its own Historians: Gujarat. By the late Sir Edward Clive Bayley.] London, Allen, 1886, 8vo.
——— Sir George Udny Yule. In Memoriam (St. James’ Gazette, 18th Jan. 1886.)
——— Hidden Virtues [A Satire on W. E. Gladstone]. (Letter to the St. James’ Gazette, 21st March, 1886. Signed M. P. V.)
——— Burma, Past and Present. (Quart. Rev. vol. 162, Jan. and April, 1886, pp. 210–238.)
——— Errors of Facts, in two well-known Pictures.
(The Athenæum, No. 3059, 12th June, 1886, p. 788.)
——— [Obituary Notice of] Lieut.-Gen. Sir Arthur Phayre, C.B., K.C.S.I., G.C.M.G. (Proc. R.G.S., N.S. 1886, VIII. pp. 103–112.)
——— “Lines suggested by a Portrait in the Millais Exhibition.”
Privately printed and (though never published) widely circulated. These powerful verses on Gladstone are those several times referred to by Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff, in his published Diaries.
——— Introductory Remarks on The Rock-Cut Caves and Statues of Bamian. By Capt. the Hon. M. G. Talbot. (Journ. R. As. Soc. N.S. XVIII. 1886, pp. 323–329.)
——— Opening Address. (Ibid. pp. i.–v.)
——— Opening Address. (Ibid. xix. pp. i.–iii.)
——— Hobson-Jobsoniana. By H. Yule (Asiatic Quarterly Review, vol. i. 1886, pp. 119–140.)
——— HOBSON-JOBSON: Being a Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms; etymological, historical, geographical, and discursive. By Col. H. Yule, and the late Arthur Coke Burnell, Ph.D., C.I.E., author of “The Elements of South Indian Palaeography,” etc., London, John Murray, 1886. (All rights reserved), 8vo, p. xliii.–870. Preface, etc.
A new edition is in preparation under the editorship of Mr. William Crooke (1902).
1886 John Bunyan. (Letter in St. James’ Gazette, circa 31st Dec. 1886. Signed M. P. V.)
——— Rennell. (Encyclop. Brit. XX. 1886, pp. 398–401.)
——— Rubruquis (Ibid. XXI. 1886, pp. 46–47.)
1887 Lieut.-Gen. W. A. Crommelen, C.B., R.E. (Royal Engineers’ Journal, 1887.)
——— [Obituary Notice] Col. Sir J. U. Bateman Champain. (Times, 2nd Feb. 1887).
——— “Pulping Public Records.” (Notes and Queries, 19th March, 1887.)
——— A Filial Remonstrance (Political Verses). Signed M. P. V. (St. James’ Gazette, 8th Aug. 1887.)
——— Memoir of Major-Gen. J. T. Boileau, R.E., F.R.S. By C. R. Low, I.N., F.R.G.S. With a Preface by Col. H. Yule, C.B., London, Allen, 1887.
——— The Diary of William Hedges, Esq. (afterwards Sir William Hedges), during his Agency in Bengal; as well as on his voyage out and return overland (1681–1687). Transcribed for the Press, with Introductory Notes, etc., by R. Barlow, Esq., and illustrated by copious extracts from unpublished records, etc., by Col. H. Yule. Pub. for Hakluyt Society. London, 1887–1889, 3 vols. 8vo.
1888 Concerning some little known Travellers in the East. (Asiatic Quarterly Review, V. 1888, pp. 312–335.)
No. I.—George Strachan.
——— Concerning some little known Travellers in the East. (Asiatic Quarterly Review, VI. 1888, pp. 382–398.)
No. II.—William, Earl of Denbigh; Sir Henry Skipwith; and others.
——— Notes on the St. James’s of the 6th Jan. [A Budget of Miscellaneous interesting criticism.] (Letter to St. James’ Gazette, 9th Jan. 1888.)
——— Deflections of the Nile. (Letter in The Times, 15th Oct. 1888.)
——— The History of the Pitt Diamond, being an excerpt from Documentary Contributions to a Biography of Thomas Pitt, prepared for issue [in Hedges’ Diary] by the Hakluyt Society. London, 1888, 8vo. pp. 23.
Fifty Copies printed for private circulation.
1889 The Remains of Pagan. By H. Yule. (Trübner’s Record, 3rd ser. vol. i. pt. i. 1889, p. 2.)
To introduce notes by Dr. E Forchammer.
——— A Coincident Idiom. By H. Yule. (Trübner’s Record, 3rd ser. vol. i. pt. iii. pp. 84–85.)
——— The Indian Congress [a Disclaimer]. (Letter to The Times, 1st Jan. 1889.)
——— Arrowsmith, the Friend of Thomas Poole. (Letter in The Academy, 9th Feb. 1889, p. 96.)
BIOGRAPHIES OF SIR HENRY YULE.
——— Colonel Sir Henry Yule, K.C.S.I., C.B., LL.D., R.E. By General Robert Maclagan, R.E. (Proceed. Roy. Geog. Soc. XII. 1890, pp. 108–113.)
——— Colonel Sir Henry Yule, K.C.S.I., C.B., LL.D., R.E., etc. (With a Portrait). By E. Delmar Morgan. (Scottish Geographical Magazine, VI. 1890, pp. 93–98.) Contains a very good Bibliography.
——— Col. Sir H. Yule, R.E., C.B., K.C.S.I., by Maj.-Gen. T. B. Collinson, R.E., Royal Engineers’ Journal, March, 1890. [This is the best of the Notices of Yule which appeared at the time of his death.]
——— Sir Henry Yule, K.C.S.I, C.B., LL.D., R.E., by E. H. Giglioli. Roma, 1890, ppt. 8vo, pp. 8.
Estratto dal Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana,
Marzo, 1890.
——— Sir Henry Yule. By J. S. C[otton]. (The Academy, 11th Jan. 1890, No. 923, pp. 26–27.)
——— Sir Henry Yule. (The Athenæum, No. 3245, 4th Jan. 1900, p. 17; No. 3246, 11th Jan. p. 53; No. 3247, 18th Jan. p. 88.)
——— In Memoriam. Sir Henry Yule. By D. M. (The Academy, 29th March, 1890, p. 222.)
See end of Memoir in present work.
——— Le Colonel Sir Henry Yule. Par M. Henri Cordier. Extrait du Journal Asiatique. Paris, Imprimerie nationale, MDCCCXC, in–8, pp. 26.
——— The same, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie. Par M. Henri Cordier. 1890, 8vo, pp. 4.
Meeting 17th Jan. 1890.
1889 Baron F. von Richthofen. (Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, xvii. 2.)
——— Colonel Sir Henry Yule, R.E., C.B., K.C.S.I. Memoir by General R. Maclagan, Journ. R. Asiatic Society, 1890.
——— Memoir of Colonel Sir Henry Yule, R.E., C.B., K.C.S.I., LL.D., etc. By Coutts Trotter. (Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1891. p. xliii. to p. lvi.)
1889 Sir Henry Yule (1820–1889). By Coutts Trotter. (Dict. of National Biography, lxiii. pp. 405–407.)
1903 Memoir of Colonel Sir Henry Yule, R.E., C.B., K.C.S.I., Corr. Inst. France, by his daughter, Amy Frances Yule, L.A. Soc. Ant. Scot., etc. Written for third edition of Yule’s Marco Polo. Reprinted for private circulation only.
---------------------------------------------------------------------- This list is based on the excellent preliminary List compiled by E. Delmar Morgan, published in the Scottish Geographical Magazine, vol. vi., pp. 97–98, but the present compilers have much more than doubled the number of entries. It is, however, known to be still incomplete, and any one able to add to the list, will greatly oblige the compilers by sending additions to the Publisher.—A. F. Y.
SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.
MARCO POLO AND HIS BOOK.
INTRODUCTORY NOTICES.
PAGE I. OBSCURITIES IN THE HISTORY OF HIS LIFE AND BOOK. RAMUSIO’S STATEMENTS 1
§ 1. Obscurities, etc. 2. Ramusio his earliest Biographer; his Account of Polo. 3. He vindicates Polo’s Geography. 4. Compares him with Columbus. 5. Recounts a Tradition of the Traveller’s Return to Venice. 6. Recounts Marco’s Capture by the Genoese. 7. His statements about Marco’s liberation and marriage. 8. His account of the Family Polo and its termination.
II. SKETCH OF THE STATE OF THE EAST AT THE TIME OF THE JOURNEYS OF THE POLO FAMILY 8
§ 9. State of the Levant. 10. The various Mongol Sovereignties in Asia and Eastern Europe. 11. China. 12. India and Indo-China.
III. THE POLO FAMILY. PERSONAL HISTORY OF THE TRAVELLERS TILL THEIR FINAL RETURN FROM THE EAST 13
§ 13. Alleged origin of the Polos. 14. Claims to Nobility. 15. The Elder Marco Polo. 16. Nicolo and Maffeo Polo commence their Travels. 17. Their intercourse with Kúblái Kaan. 18. Their return home, and Marco’s appearance on the scene. 19. Second Journey of the Polo Brothers, accompanied by Marco. (See App. L. 1.) 20. Marco’s Employment by Kúblái Kaan; and his Journeys. 21. Circumstances of the departure of the Polos from the Kaan’s Court. 22. They pass by Persia to Venice. Their relations there.
IV. DIGRESSION CONCERNING THE MANSION OF THE POLO FAMILY AT S. GIOVANNI GRISOSTOMO 26
§ 23. Probable period of their establishment at S. Giovanni Grisostomo. 24. Relics of the Casa Polo in the Corte Sabbionera. 24a. Recent corroboration as to traditional site of the Casa Polo.
V. DIGRESSION CONCERNING THE WAR-GALLEYS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN STATES IN THE MIDDLE AGES 31
§ 25. Arrangement of the Rowers in Mediæval Galleys; a separate Oar to every Man. 26. Change of System in 16th Century. 27. Some details of 13th-Century Galleys. 28. Fighting Arrangements. 29. Crew of a Galley and Staff of a Fleet. 30. Music and miscellaneous particulars.
VI. THE JEALOUSIES AND NAVAL WARS OF VENICE AND GENOA. LAMBA DORIA’S EXPEDITION TO THE ADRIATIC; BATTLE OF CURZOLA; AND IMPRISONMENT OF MARCO POLO BY THE GENOESE 41
§ 31. Growing Jealousies and Outbreaks between the Republics. 32. Battle in Bay of Ayas in 1294. 33. Lamba Doria’s Expedition to the Adriatic. 34. The Fleets come in sight of each other at Curzola. 35. The Venetians defeated, and Marco Polo a Prisoner. 36. Marco Polo in Prison dictates his Book to Rusticiano of Pisa. Release of Venetian Prisoners. 37. Grounds on which the story of Marco Polo’s capture at Curzola rests.
VII. RUSTICIANO OR RUSTICHELLO OF PISA, MARCO POLO’S FELLOW-PRISONER AT GENOA, THE SCRIBE WHO WROTE DOWN THE TRAVELS 55
§ 38. Rusticiano, perhaps a Prisoner from Meloria. 39. A Person known from other sources. 40. Character of his Romance Compilations. 41. Identity of the Romance Compiler with Polo’s Fellow-Prisoner. 42. Further particulars regarding Rusticiano.
VIII. NOTICES OF MARCO POLO’S HISTORY AFTER THE TERMINATION OF HIS IMPRISONMENT AT GENOA 64
§ 43. Death of Marco’s Father before 1300. Will of his Brother Maffeo. 44. Documentary Notices of Polo at this time. The Sobriquet of Milione. 45. Polo’s relations with Thibault de Cepoy. 46. His Marriage, and his Daughters. Marco as a Merchant. 47. His Last Will; and Death. 48. Place of Sepulture. Professed Portraits of Polo. 49. Further History of the Polo Family. 49 bis. Reliques of Marco Polo.
IX. MARCO POLO’S BOOK; AND THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH IT WAS FIRST WRITTEN 80
§ 50. General Statement of what the Book contains. 51. Language of the original Work. 52. Old French Text of the Société de Géographie. 53. Conclusive proof that the Old French Text is the source of all the others. 54. Greatly diffused employment of French in that age.
X. VARIOUS TYPES OF TEXT OF MARCO POLO’S BOOK 90
§ 55. Four Principal Types of Text. First, that of the Geographic or Oldest French. 56. Second, the Remodelled French Text; followed by Pauthier. 57. The Bern MS. and two others form a sub-class of this type. 58. Third, Friar Pipino’s Latin. 59. The Latin of Grynæus, a Translation at Fifth Hand. 60. Fourth, Ramusio’s Italian. 61. Injudicious Tamperings in Ramusio. 62. Genuine Statements peculiar to Ramusio. 63. Hypothesis of the Sources of the Ramusian Version. 64. Summary in regard to Text of Polo. 65. Notice of a curious Irish Version.
XI. SOME ESTIMATE OF THE CHARACTER OF POLO AND HIS BOOK 104
§ 66. Grounds of Polo’s Pre-eminence among Mediæval Travellers. 67. His true claims to glory. 68. His personal attributes seen but dimly. 69. Absence of scientific notions. 70. Map constructed on Polo’s data. 71. Singular omissions of Polo in regard to China; historical inaccuracies. 72. Was Polo’s Book materially affected by the Scribe Rusticiano? 73. Marco’s reading embraced the Alexandrian Romances. Examples. 74. Injustice long done to Polo. Singular Modern Example.
XII. CONTEMPORARY RECOGNITION OF POLO AND HIS BOOK 116
§ 75. How far was there diffusion of his Book in his own day? 76. Contemporary References to Polo. T. de Cepoy; Pipino; Jacopo d’Acqui; Giov. Villani. 77. Pietro d’Abano; Jean le Long of Ypres. 78. Curious borrowings from Polo in the Romance of Bauduin de Sebourc. 78 bis. Chaucer and Marco Polo.
XIII. NATURE OF POLO’S INFLUENCE ON GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE 129
§ 79. Tardy operation, and causes thereof. 80. General characteristics of Mediæval Cosmography. 81. Roger Bacon as a Geographer. 82. Arab Geography. 83. Marino Sanudo the Elder. 84. The Catalan Map of 1375, the most complete mediæval embodiment of Polo’s Geography. 85. Fra Mauro’s Map. Confusions in Cartography of the 16th Century from the endeavour to combine new and old information. 86. Gradual disappearance of Polo’s nomenclature. 87. Alleged introduction of Block-printed Books into Europe by Marco Polo in connexion with the fiction of the invention of Printing by Castaldi of Feltre. 88. Frequent opportunities for such introduction in the Age following Polo’s.
XIV. EXPLANATIONS REGARDING THE BASIS ADOPTED FOR THE PRESENT TRANSLATION 141
§ 89. Texts followed by Marsden and by Pauthier. 90. Eclectic Formation of the English Text of this Translation. 91. Mode of rendering Proper Names.
THE BOOK OF MARCO POLO.
PROLOGUE.
I.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS POLO SET FORTH FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TO TRAVERSE THE WORLD 2
NOTES.—1. Chronology. 2. “The Great Sea.” _The Port of
Soldaia._
II.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS WENT ON BEYOND SOLDAIA 4
NOTES.—1. Site and Ruins of Sarai. 2. City of Bolghar.
3. Alau Lord of the Levant (i.e. |Hulaku|). 4.
Ucaca on the Volga. 5. River Tigeri.
III.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS, AFTER CROSSING A DESERT, CAME TO THE CITY OF BOCARA, AND FELL IN WITH CERTAIN ENVOYS THERE 9
NOTES.—1. “Bocara a City of Persia.” 2. _The Great Kaan’s
Envoys._
IV.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS TOOK THE ENVOYS’ COUNSEL, AND WENT TO THE COURT OF THE GREAT KAAN 11
V.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS ARRIVED AT THE COURT OF THE GREAT KAAN 11
VI.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN ASKED ALL ABOUT THE MANNERS OF THE CHRISTIANS, AND PARTICULARLY ABOUT THE POPE OF ROME 12
NOTE.—Apostoille. The name |Tartar|.
VII.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN SENT THE TWO BROTHERS AS HIS ENVOYS TO THE POPE 13
NOTES.—1. The Great Kaan’s Letter. 2. The Seven Arts.
3. Religious Indifference of the Mongol Princes.
VIII.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN GAVE THEM A TABLET OF GOLD, BEARING HIS ORDERS IN THEIR BEHALF 15
NOTES.—1. The Tablet. 2. The Port of Ayas.
IX.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS CAME TO THE CITY OF ACRE; AND THENCE TO VENICE 17
NOTES.—1. Names of the deceased Pope and of the Legate.
2. Negropont. 3. Mark’s age.
X.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS AGAIN DEPARTED FROM VENICE, ON THEIR WAY BACK TO THE GREAT KAAN, AND TOOK WITH THEM MARK, THE SON OF MESSER NICOLO 19
NOTE.—Oil from the Holy Sepulchre.
XI.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS SET OUT FROM ACRE, AND MARK ALONG WITH THEM 20
NOTE.—Pope Gregory X. and his Election.
XII.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS PRESENTED THEMSELVES BEFORE THE NEW POPE 22
NOTES.—1. William of Tripoli. 2. _Powers conceded to
Missionary Friars._ 3. _Bundúḳdár and his Invasion of
Armenia; his character._ 4. _The Templars in Cilician
Armenia._
XIII.—HOW MESSER NICOLO AND MESSER MAFFEO POLO, ACCOMPANIED BY MARK, TRAVELLED TO THE COURT OF THE GREAT KAAN 25
NOTE.—The City of Kemenfu, Summer Residence of Kúblái.
XIV.—HOW MESSER NICOLO AND MESSER MAFFEO POLO AND MARCO PRESENTED THEMSELVES BEFORE THE GREAT KAAN 26
NOTES.—1. Verbal. 2. “Vostre Homme.”
XV.—HOW THE LORD SENT MARK ON AN EMBASSY OF HIS 27
NOTES.—1. The four Characters learned by Marco, what? 2. Ramusio’s addition. 3. Nature of Marco’s employment.
XVI.—HOW MARK RETURNED FROM THE MISSION WHEREON HE HAD BEEN SENT 30
XVII.—HOW MESSER NICOLO, MESSER MAFFEO, AND MESSER MARCO, ASKED LEAVE OF THE GREAT KAAN TO GO THEIR WAY 31
NOTES.—1. Risks to Foreigners on a change of Sovereign.
2. The Lady Bolgana. 3. Passage from Ramusio.
XVIII.—HOW THE TWO BROTHERS AND MESSER MARCO TOOK LEAVE OF THE GREAT KAAN, AND RETURNED TO THEIR OWN COUNTRY 34
NOTES.—1. Mongol Royal Messengers. 2. _Mongol
communication with the King of England._ 3. _Mediæval
Ships of China._ 4. Passage from China to Sumatra.
5. Mortality among the party. 6. _The Lady Cocachin
in Persian History._ 7. Death of the Kaan. 8. _The
Princess of Manzi._
BOOK FIRST.
Account of Regions Visited or heard of on the Journey from the Lesser Armenia to the Court of the Great Kaan at Chandu.
NOTES.—1. Little Armenia. 2. Meaning of Chasteaux. 3. Sickliness of Cilician Coast. 4. The phrase |“fra terre.”|
II.—CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF TURCOMANIA 43
NOTES.—1. Brutality of the people. 2. Application of name |Turcomania|. Turcoman Hordes.
III.—DESCRIPTION OF THE GREATER HERMENIA 45
NOTES.—1. Erzingan. Buckrams, what were they? 2.
Erzrum. 3. Baiburt. 4. Ararat. 5. _Oil wells of
Baku._
IV.—OF GEORGIANIA AND THE KINGS THEREOF 50
NOTES.—1. Georgian Kings. 2. The Georgians. 3. _The
Iron Gates and Wall of Alexander._ 4. Box forests.
5. Goshawks. 6. Fish Miracle. 7. _Sea of Ghel
or Ghelan._ Names ending in |-án|. 8. _Names of the
Caspian, and navigation thereon._ 9. _Fish in the
Caspian._
V.—OF THE KINGDOM OF MAUSUL 60
NOTES.—1. Atabeks of Mosul. 2. Nestorian and Jacobite Christians. 3. Mosolins. 4. The Kurds. 5. Mush and Mardin.
VI.—OF THE GREAT CITY OF BAUDAS, AND HOW IT WAS TAKEN 63
NOTES.—1. Baudas, or Baghdad. 2. Island of Kish. 3.
Basra. 4. _Baldachins and other silk textures;
Animal patterns._ 5, 6. Hulákú’s Expedition. 7.
The Death of the Khalíf Mosta’sim. 8. Froissart.
VII.—HOW THE CALIF OF BAUDAS TOOK COUNSEL TO SLAY ALL THE CHRISTIANS IN HIS LAND 68
NOTES.—1. Chronology. 2. “_Ses |Regisles| et ses
|Casses|._”
VIII.—HOW THE CHRISTIANS WERE IN GREAT DISMAY BECAUSE OF WHAT THE CALIF HAD SAID 70
NOTE.—The word “|cralantur|.”
IX.—HOW THE ONE-EYED COBLER WAS DESIRED TO PRAY FOR THE CHRISTIANS 71
X.—HOW THE PRAYER OF THE ONE-EYED COBLER CAUSED THE MOUNTAIN TO MOVE 72
NOTE.—The Mountain Miracle.
XI.—OF THE NOBLE CITY OF TAURIS 74
NOTES.—1. Tabriz. 2. Cremesor. 3. Traffic at Tabriz.
4. The Torizi. 5. Character of City and People.
XII.—OF THE MONASTERY OF SAINT BARSAMO ON THE BORDERS OF TAURIS 77
NOTE.—The Monastery of Barsauma.
XIII.—OF THE GREAT COUNTRY OF PERSIA; WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE THREE KINGS 78
NOTES.—1. Kala’ Atishparastán. 2. The Three Kings.
XIV.—HOW THE THREE KINGS RETURNED TO THEIR OWN COUNTRY 79
NOTES.—1. The three mystic Gifts. 2. _The Worshipped
Fire._ 3. _Sávah and Ávah. The Legend in Mas’udi.
Embellishments of the Story of the Magi._
XV.—OF THE EIGHT KINGDOMS OF PERSIA, AND HOW THEY ARE NAMED 83
NOTES.—1. The Eight Kingdoms. 2. _Export of Horses, and
Prices._ 3. Persian Brigands. 4. Persian wine.
XVI.—CONCERNING THE GREAT CITY OF YASDI 88
NOTES.—1. Yezd. 2. Yezd to Kerman. The Woods spoken of.
XVII.—CONCERNING THE KINGDOM OF KERMAN 90
NOTES.—1. City and Province of Kerman. 2. Turquoises.
3. |Ondanique| or Indian Steel. 4. _Manufactures of
Kerman._ 5. Falcons.
XVIII.—OF THE CITY OF CAMADI AND ITS RUINS; ALSO TOUCHING THE CARAUNA ROBBERS 97
NOTES.—1. Products of the warmer plains. 2. Humped oxen and fat-tailed sheep. 3. Scarani. 4. The Karaunahs and Nigudarian Bands. 5. Canosalmi.
XIX.—OF THE DESCENT TO THE CITY OF HORMOS 107
NOTES.—1. _Site of Old Hormuz and Geography of the route
from Kerman to Hormuz._ 2. Dates and Fish Diet. 3.
_Stitched Vessels. “|One rudder|,” why noticed as
peculiar._ 4. Great heat at Hormuz. 5. The Simúm.
6. History of Hormuz, and Polo’s Ruomedan Acomat.
7. Second Route between Hormuz and Kerman.
XX.—OF THE WEARISOME AND DESERT ROAD THAT HAS NOW TO BE TRAVELLED 123
NOTES.—1. Kerman to Kúbenán. 2. Desert of Lút. 3.
Subterraneous Canals.
XXI.—CONCERNING THE CITY OF COBINAN AND THE THINGS THAT ARE MADE THERE 125
NOTES.—1. Kuh-Banán. 2. Production of Tútíá.
XXII.—OF A CERTAIN DESERT THAT CONTINUES FOR EIGHT DAYS’ JOURNEY 127
NOTES.—1. Deserts of Khorasan. 2. _The |Arbre Sol| or
|Arbre Sec|._
XXIII.—CONCERNING THE OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN 139
NOTE.—The Assassins, Hashíshîn, or Muláhidah.
XXIV.—HOW THE OLD MAN USED TO TRAIN HIS ASSASSINS 142
NOTES.—1. _The story widely spread. Notable murders by the
Sectaries._ 2. Their different branches.
XXV.—HOW THE OLD MAN CAME BY HIS END 145
NOTE.—_History of the apparent Destruction of the Sect by
Hulákú; its survival to the present time. Castles of
Alamut and Girdkuh._
XXVI.—CONCERNING THE CITY OF SAPURGAN 149
NOTE.—Shibrgân, and the route followed. Dried Melons.
XXVII.—OF THE CITY OF BALC 151
NOTES.—1. Balkh. 2. Country meant by |Dogana|. 3.
Lions in the Oxus Valley.
XXVIII.—OF TAICAN, AND THE MOUNTAINS OF SALT. ALSO OF THE PROVINCE OF CASEM 153
NOTES.—1. Talikan. 2. Mines of Rock-salt. 3.
Ethnological characteristics. 4. Kishm. 5.
Porcupines. 6. Cave dwellings. 7. _Old and New
Capitals of Badakhshan._
XXIX.—OF THE PROVINCE OF BADASHAN 157
NOTES.—1. _Dialects of Badakhshan. Alexandrian lineage of
the Princes._ 2. Badakhshan and the Balas Ruby. 3.
Azure Mines. 4. Horses of Badakhshan. 5. _Naked
Barley._ 6. Wild sheep. 7. Scenery of Badakhshan.
8. Repeated devastation of the Country from War. 9.
Amplitude of feminine garments.
XXX.—OF THE PROVINCE OF PASHAI 164
NOTE.—On the country intended by this name.
XXXI.—OF THE PROVINCE OF KESHIMUR 166
NOTES.—1. Kashmir language. 2. Kashmir Conjurers. (See App. L. 2.) 3. Importance of Kashmir in History of Buddhism. 4. Character of the People. 5. Vicissitudes of Buddhism in Kashmir. 6. Buddhist practice as to slaughter of animals. 7. Coral.
XXXII.—OF THE GREAT RIVER OF BADASHAN; AND PLAIN OF PAMIER 170
NOTES.—1. The Upper Oxus and Wakhan. The title Nono. (See App. L. 3.) 2. The Plateau of Pamir. (See App. L. 4 and 5.) The Great Wild Sheep. Fire at great altitudes. 3. Bolor.
XXXIII.—OF THE KINGDOM OF CASCAR 180
NOTE.—Kashgar.
XXXIV.—OF THE GREAT CITY OF SAMARCAN 183
NOTES.—1. Christians in Samarkand. 2. Chagatai’s relation to Kúblái mis-stated. 3. The Miracle of the Stone.
XXXV.—OF THE PROVINCE OF YARCAN 187
NOTE.—Yarkand. Goître prevalent there.
XXXVI.—OF A PROVINCE CALLED COTAN 188
NOTES.—1. Government. 2. “Adoration of Mahommet.”
3. Khotan.
XXXVII.—OF THE PROVINCE OF PEIN 191
NOTES.—1. Position of Pein (App. L. 6.) 2. The Yu _or
Jade._ 3. Temporary marriages.
XXXVIII.—OF THE PROVINCE OF CHARCHAN 194
NOTE.—Position of Charchan and Lop.
XXXIX.—OF THE CITY OF LOP, AND THE GREAT DESERT 196
NOTES.—1. Geographical discrepancy. 2. _Superstitions
as to Deserts: their wide diffusion. The Sound of
Drums on certain sandy acclivities._ 3. _Sha-chau to
Lob-nor._
XL.—CONCERNING THE GREAT PROVINCE OF TANGUT 203
NOTES.—1. Tangut. 2. Buddhism encountered here. 3. Kalmak superstition, the “|Heaven’s Ram|.” 4. Chinese customs described here. 5. Mongol disposal of the Dead. 6. Superstitious practice of avoiding to carry out the dead by the house-door; its wide diffusion.
XLI.—OF THE PROVINCE OF CAMUL 209
NOTES.—1. Kamul. 2. Character of the people. 3.
Shameless custom. 4. Parallel.
XLII.—OF THE PROVINCE OF CHINGINTALAS 212
NOTES.—1. The Country intended. 2. Ondanique. 3.
Asbestos Mountain. 4. The four elements. 5 and 6.
The Story of the Salamander. Asbestos fabrics.
XLIII.—OF THE PROVINCE OF SUKCHUR 217
NOTES.—1. Explanatory. 2. The City of Suhchau. 3.
Rhubarb country. 4. Poisonous pasture.
XLIV.—OF THE CITY OF CAMPICHU 219
NOTES.—1. The City of Kanchau. 2. Recumbent Buddhas. 3.
Buddhist Days of Special Worship. 4. _Matrimonial
Customs._ 5. Textual.
XLV.—OF THE CITY OF ETZINA 223
NOTES.—1. Position of Yetsina. 2. Textual. 3. _The Wild
Ass of Mongolia._
XLVII.—OF CHINGHIS, AND HOW HE BECAME THE FIRST KAAN OF THE TARTARS 238
NOTES.—1. Chronology. 2. _Relations between Chinghiz and
Aung Khan, the Prester John of Polo._
XLVIII.—HOW CHINGHIS MUSTERED HIS PEOPLE TO MARCH AGAINST PRESTER JOHN 240
XLIX.—HOW PRESTER JOHN MARCHED TO MEET CHINGHIS 241
NOTES.—1. Plain of Tanduc. 2. _Divination by Twigs and
Arrows._
L.—THE BATTLE BETWEEN CHINGHIS KAAN AND PRESTER JOHN. DEATH OF CHINGHIS 244
NOTE.—_Real circumstances and date of the Death of
Chinghiz._
LI.—OF THOSE WHO DID REIGN AFTER CHINGHIS KAAN, AND OF THE CUSTOMS OF THE TARTARS 245
NOTES.—1. Origin of the |Cambuscan| of Chaucer. 2.
Historical Errors. 3. _The Place of Sepulture of
Chinghiz._ 4. Barbarous Funeral Superstition.
LII.—CONCERNING THE CUSTOMS OF THE TARTARS 251
NOTES.—1. Tartar Huts. 2. Tartar Waggons. 3. _Pharaoh’s
Rat._ 4. Chastity of the Women. 5. _Polygamy and
Marriage Customs._
LIII.—CONCERNING THE GOD OF THE TARTARS 256
NOTES.—1. The old Tartar idols. 2. Kumiz.
LIV.—CONCERNING THE TARTAR CUSTOMS OF WAR 260
NOTES.—1. Tartar Arms. 2. _The Decimal Division of their
Troops._ 3. Textual. 4. Blood-drinking. 5.
|Kurút|, or Tartar Curd. 6. _The Mongol military
rapidity and terrorism._ 7. _Corruption of their
Nomade simplicity._
LV.—CONCERNING THE ADMINISTERING OF JUSTICE AMONG THE TARTARS 266
NOTES.—1. The Cudgel. 2. Punishment of Theft. 3.
Marriage of the Dead. 4. Textual.
LVI.—SUNDRY PARTICULARS ON THE PLAIN BEYOND CARACORON 269
NOTES.—1. Textual. 2. Bargu, the Mecrit, the Reindeer, and Chase of Water-fowl. 3. The bird |Barguerlac|, the Syrrhaptes. 4. Gerfalcons.
LVII.—OF THE KINGDOM OF ERGUIUL, AND PROVINCE OF SINJU 274
NOTES.—1. Egrigaia. 2. Calachan. 3. _White Camels, and
Camlets: Siclatoun._
LIX.—CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF TENDUC, AND THE DESCENDANTS OF PRESTER JOHN 284
NOTES.—1. The name and place Tenduc. King George. 2.
Standing Marriage Compact. The title |Gurgán|. 3.
Azure. 4. _The terms |Argon| and |Guasmul|. The
|Dungens|._ 5. The Rampart of Gog and Magog. 6.
Tartary cloths. 7. Siuen-hwa fu.
LX.—CONCERNING THE KAAN’S PALACE OF CHAGANNOR 296
NOTES.—1. Palace. 2. The word |Sesnes|. 3. Chagan-nor.
4. The five species of Crane described by Polo. 5.
The word |Cator|.
LXI.—OF THE CITY OF CHANDU, AND THE KAAN’S PALACE THERE 298
NOTES.—1. Two Roads. 2. Chandu, properly Shangtu.
3. Leopards. 4. _The Bamboo Palace. Uses of the
Bamboo._ 5. Kúblái’s Annual Migration to Shangtu.
6. The White Horses. The Oirad Tribe. 7. _The
Mare’s Milk Festival._ 8. Weather Conjuring. 9.
Ascription of Cannibalism to Tibetans, etc. 10.
The term |Bacsi|. 11. _Magical Feats ascribed to
the Lamas._ 12. Lamas. 13. _Vast extent of Lama
Convents._ 14. Married Lamas. 15. Bran. 16.
Patarins. 17. The Ascetics called |Sensin|. 18.
Textual. 19. Tao-sze Idols.
BOOK SECOND.
PART I.
NOTE.—Eulogies of Kúblái.
II.—CONCERNING THE REVOLT OF NAYAN, WHO WAS UNCLE TO THE GREAT KAAN CUBLAY 332
NOTES.—1. Chronology. 2. Kúblái’s Age. 3. His Wars.
4. Nayan and his true relationship to Kúblái.
III.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN MARCHED AGAINST NAYAN 335
NOTE.—Addition from Ramusio.
IV.—OF THE BATTLE THAT THE GREAT KAAN FOUGHT WITH NAYAN 336
NOTES.—1. The word |Bretesche|. 2. Explanatory. 3. _The
Nakkára._ 4. Parallel Passages. 5. Verbal. 6.
The Story of Nayan. (See App. L. 7.)
V.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSED NAYAN TO BE PUT TO DEATH 343
NOTES.—1. The Shedding of Royal blood avoided. 2.
Chorcha, Kaoli, Barskul, Sikintinju. 3. _Jews in
China._
VI.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN WENT BACK TO THE CITY OF CAMBALUC 348
NOTE.—_Passage from Ramusio respecting the Kaan’s views of
Religion. Remarks._
VII.—HOW THE KAAN REWARDED THE VALOUR OF HIS CAPTAINS 350
NOTES.—1. Parallel from Sanang Setzen. 2. _The Golden
Honorary Tablets or_ Paizah of the Mongols. 3.
Umbrellas. 4. The Gerfalcon Tablets.
VIII.—CONCERNING THE PERSON OF THE GREAT KAAN 356
NOTES.—1. Colour of his Eyes. 2. His Wives. 3. _The
Kungurat Tribe. Competitive Examination in Beauty._
IX.—CONCERNING THE GREAT KAAN’S SONS 359
NOTES.—1. Kúblái’s intended Heir. 2. His other Sons.
X.—CONCERNING THE PALACE OF THE GREAT KAAN 362
NOTES.—1. Palace Wall. 2. The word |Tarcasci|. 3.
Towers. 4. Arsenals of the Palace. 5. _The
Gates._ 6. Various Readings. 7. Barracks.
8. _Wide diffusion of the kind of Palace here
described._ 9. Parallel description. 10. _“Divine”
Park._ 11. Modern account of the Lake, etc.
12. “Roze de l’açur.” 13. The Green Mount. 14.
Textual. 15. Bridge.
XI.—CONCERNING THE CITY OF CAMBALUC 374
NOTES.—1. Chronology, etc., of Peking. 2. _The City
Wall._ 3. Changes in the Extent of the City. 4.
Its ground plan. 5. Aspect. 6. Public Towers.
7. Addition from Ramusio.
XII.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN MAINTAINS A GUARD OF TWELVE THOUSAND HORSE, WHICH ARE CALLED KESHICAN 379
NOTE.—The term |Quescican|.
XIII.—THE FASHION OF THE GREAT KAAN’S TABLE AT HIS HIGH FEASTS 381
NOTES.—1. Order of the Tables. 2. The word |Vernique|. 3. The Buffet of Liquors. 4. The superstition of the Threshold. 5. Chinese Etiquettes. 6. Jugglers at the Banquet.
XIV.—CONCERNING THE GREAT FEAST HELD BY THE GRAND KAAN EVERY YEAR ON HIS BIRTHDAY 386
NOTES.—1. The Chinese Year. 2. “Beaten Gold.” 3.
Textual. Festal changes of costume. 4. Festivals.
XV.—OF THE GREAT FESTIVAL WHICH THE KAAN HOLDS ON NEW YEAR’S DAY 390
NOTES.—1. The White Month. 2. _Mystic value of the number
9._ 3. Elephants at Peking. 4. _Adoration of
Tablets. K’o-tow._
XVI.—CONCERNING THE TWELVE THOUSAND BARONS WHO RECEIVE ROBES OF CLOTH OF GOLD FROM THE EMPEROR ON THE GREAT FESTIVALS, THIRTEEN CHANGES A-PIECE 394
NOTES.—1. Textual. 2. The words |Camut| and |Borgal|.
3. Tame Lions.
XVII.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN ENJOINETH HIS PEOPLE TO SUPPLY HIM WITH GAME 396
NOTE.—Parallel Passage.
XVIII.—OF THE LIONS AND LEOPARDS AND WOLVES THAT THE KAAN KEEPS FOR THE CHASE 397
NOTES.—1. The Cheeta or Hunting Leopard. 2. Lynxes. 3.
The Tiger, termed |Lion| by Polo. 4. _The Búrgút
Eagle._
XIX.—CONCERNING THE TWO BROTHERS WHO HAVE CHARGE OF THE KAAN’S HOUNDS 400
NOTE.—The Masters of the Hounds, and their title.
XX.—HOW THE EMPEROR GOES ON A HUNTING EXPEDITION 402
NOTES.—1. Direction of the Tour. 2. _Hawking
Establishments._ 3. The word |Tosḳáúl|. 4. _The word
|Bularguchi|._ 5. Kúblái’s Litter. 6. Kachar Modun.
7. The Kaan’s Great Tents. 8. _The Sable and
Ermine._ 9. Pétis de la Croix.
XXI.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN, ON RETURNING FROM HIS HUNTING EXPEDITION, HOLDS A GREAT COURT AND ENTERTAINMENT 410
NOTE.—This chapter peculiar to the 2nd Type of MSS.
XXII.—CONCERNING THE CITY OF CAMBALUC, AND ITS GREAT TRAFFIC AND POPULATION 412
NOTES.—1. Suburbs of Peking. 2. The word |Fondaco|.
XXIII.—[CONCERNING THE OPPRESSIONS OF ACHMATH THE BAILO, AND THE PLOT THAT WAS FORMED AGAINST HIM] 415
NOTES.—1. Chapter peculiar to Ramusio. 2. _Kúblái’s
Administration. The Rise of Ahmad._ 3. _The term
|Bailo|._ 4. _The Conspiracy against Ahmad as related
by Gaubil from the Chinese._ 5. _Marco’s presence and
upright conduct commemorated in the Chinese Annals.
The Kaan’s prejudice against Mahomedans._
XXIV.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSETH THE BARK OF TREES, MADE INTO SOMETHING LIKE PAPER, TO PASS FOR MONEY OVER ALL HIS COUNTRY 423
NOTE.—Chinese Paper Currency.
XXV.—CONCERNING THE TWELVE BARONS WHO ARE SET OVER ALL THE AFFAIRS OF THE GREAT KAAN 430
NOTE.—_The Ministers of the Mongol Dynasty. The term
|Sing|._
XXVI.—HOW THE KAAN’S POSTS AND RUNNERS ARE SPED THROUGH MANY LANDS AND PROVINCES 433
NOTES.—1. Textual. 2. The word |Yam|. 3. _Government
Hostelries._ 4. Digression from Ramusio. 5. _Posts
Extraordinary._ 6. Discipline of the Posts. 7.
Antiquity of Posts in China, etc.
XXVII.—HOW THE EMPEROR BESTOWS HELP ON HIS PEOPLE, WHEN THEY ARE AFFLICTED WITH DEARTH OR MURRAIN 439
NOTE.—Kúblái’s remissions, and justice.
XXVIII.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSES TREES TO BE PLANTED BY THE HIGHWAYS 440
NOTE.—Kúblái’s Avenues.
XXIX.—CONCERNING THE RICE-WINE DRUNK BY THE PEOPLE OF CATHAY 441
NOTE.—Rice-wine.
XXX.—CONCERNING THE BLACK STONES THAT ARE DUG IN CATHAY, AND ARE BURNT FOR FUEL 442
NOTE.—Distribution and Consumption of Coal in China.
XXXI.—HOW THE GREAT KAAN CAUSES STORES OF CORN TO BE MADE, TO HELP HIS PEOPLE WITHAL IN TIME OF DEARTH 443
NOTE.—The Chinese Public Granaries.
XXXII.—OF THE CHARITY OF THE EMPEROR TO THE POOR 444
NOTE.—Buddhist influence, and Chinese Charities.
XXXIII.—[CONCERNING THE ASTROLOGERS IN THE CITY OF CAMBALUC] 446
NOTES.—1. The word |Tacuin|.—The Chinese Almanacs. The
Observatory._ 2. The Chinese and Mongol Cycle.
XXXIV.—[CONCERNING THE RELIGION OF THE CATHAYANS; THEIR VIEWS AS TO THE SOUL; AND THEIR CUSTOMS] 456
NOTES.—1. Textual. 2. Do. 3. _Exceptions to the general
charge of Irreligion brought against the Chinese._
4. Politeness. 5. Filial Piety. 6. _Pocket
Spitoons._
EXPLANATORY LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME I.
INSERTED PLATES AND MAPS.
To face page Title PORTRAIT of Sir HENRY YULE. From the Painting by Mr. T. B. Wirgman, in the Royal Engineers’ Mess House at Chatham.
iv. Illuminated Title, with Medallion representing the POLOS ARRIVING AT VENICE after 26 years’ absence, and being refused admittance to the Family Mansion; as related by Ramusio, p. 4 of Introductory Essay. Drawn by Signor QUINTO CENNI, No. 7 Via Solferino, Milan; from a Design by the Editor.
1. DOORWAY of the HOUSE of MARCO POLO in the Corte Sabbionera at Venice (see p. 27). Woodcut from a drawing by Signor L. ROSSO, Venice.
26. Corte del Milione, Venice.
28. Malibran Theatre, Venice.
30. Entrance to the Corte del Milione, Venice. From photographs taken for the present editor, by Signor NAYA.
42. Figures from St. Sabba’s, sent to Venice. From a photograph of Signor NAYA.
50. Church of SAN MATTEO, at Genoa.
62. Palazzo di S. Giorgio, at Genoa.
68. Miracle of S. Lorenzo. From the Painting by V. CARPACCIO.
70. FACSIMILE of the WILL of MARCO POLO, preserved in St. Mark’s Library. Lithographed from a photograph specially taken by Bertani at Venice.
74. Pavement in front of S. Lorenzo.
76. Mosaic Portrait of Marco Polo, at Genoa.
78. The Pseudo Marco Polo at Canton.
80. Porcelain Incense-Burner, from the Louvre.
82. Temple of 500 Genii, at Canton, after a drawing by FÉLIX RÉGAMEY.
108. Probable view of MARCO POLO’S OWN GEOGRAPHY: a Map of the World, formed as far as possible from the Traveller’s own data. Drawn by the Editor.
134. Part of the Catalan Map of 1375.
1. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. I. WESTERN ASIA. This includes also “Sketch showing the chief Monarchies of Asia, in the latter part of the 13th century.”
4. Map illustrating the geographical position of the CITY of SARAI.
4. Plan of part of the remains of the same city. Reduced from a Russian plan published by M. Grigorieff.
29 Reduced FACSIMILE of the BUDDHIST INSCRIPTION of the Mongol & 30. Era, on the Archway at KIU-YONG KWAN in the Pass of Nan-k’au, north-west of Peking, showing the characters in use under the Mongol Dynasty. Photogravure from the Recueil des documents de l’Époque Mongole, by H.H. Prince ROLAND BONAPARTE. See an Article by Mr. Wylie in the J. R. A. S. for 1870, p. 14.
41. Plan of AYAS, the Laias of Polo. From an Admiralty Chart.
41. Plan of position of DILÁWAR, the supposed site of the Dilavar of Polo. Ext. from a Survey by Lt.-Col. D. G. Robinson, R.E.
114. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. II. Routes between KERMAN and HORMUZ.
178. Marco Polo’s Itineraries, No. III. Regions on and near the UPPER OXUS.
305. Heading, in the old Chinese seal-character, of an INSCRIPTION on a Memorial raised by Kúblái Kaan to a Buddhist Ecclesiastic, in the vicinity of his summer-palace at SHANGTU in Mongolia. Reduced from a facsimile obtained on the spot by Dr. S. W. Bushell, 1872, and by him lent to the Editor.
319. The CHO-KHANG. The grand Temple of Buddha at Lhasa, from The Journey to Lhasa, by SARAT CHANDRA DAS, by kind permission of the Royal Geographical Society.
352. “Table d’Or de Commandement;” the PAÏZA of the MONGOLS, from a specimen found in Siberia. Reduced to one-half the scale of the original, from an engraving in a paper by I. J. Schmidt in the Bulletin de la Classe Historico-Philologique de l’Acad. Imp. des Sciences, St.-Pétersbourg, tom. iv. No. 9.
355. Second Example of a Mongol Païza with superscription in the Uighúr character, found near the Dnieper River, 1845. From Trans. of the Oriental Section, Imp. Soc. of Archæology of St. Petersburg, vol. v. The Inscription on this runs: “By the strength of Eternal Heaven, and thanks to Its Great Power, the Man who obeys not the order of Abdullah shall be guilty, shall die.”
376. Plan of PEKING as it is, and as it was about A.D. 1290.
426. BANK-NOTE of the MING Dynasty, on one-half the scale of the original. Reduced from a genuine note in the possession of the British Museum. Was brought back from Peking after the siege of the Legations in 1900.
448. Mongol “Compendium Instrument.”
450. Mongol Armillary Sphere.
452. Observatory Terrace.
454. Observatory Instruments of the Jesuits. All these from photographs kindly lent to the present Editor by Count de Semallé.
last Marco Polo’s Itineraries. No. IV. EASTERN ASIA. This includes page also Sketch Map of the Ruins of SHANGTU, after Dr. BUSHELL; and Enlarged Sketch of the Passage of the Hwang-ho or Karamoran on the road to Si-ngan fu (see vol. ii. pp. 25–27) from the data of Baron von Richthofen.
WOODCUTS PRINTED WITH THE TEXT.
INTRODUCTORY NOTICES.
Page x. A MEDIÆVAL SHIP.
xxvi. COAT OF ARMS of Sir HENRY YULE.
7. ARMS of the POLO family, according to Priuli.
8. ARMS of the POLO family, according to Marco Barbaro. (See p. 7, note.)
13. Autograph of HETHUM or HAYTON I. King of (Cilician) Armenia; copied from Codice Diplomatico del Sacro Militare Ordine Gerosolemitano, I. 135. The signature is attached to a French document without date, granting the King’s Daughter “Damoiselle Femie” (Euphemia) in marriage to Sire Julian, son of the Lady of Sayete (Sidon). The words run: Thagávor Haiwetz (“Rex Armenorum”), followed by the King’s cypher or monogram; but the initial letter is absent, probably worn off the original document.
18. The PIAZZETTA at VENICE in the 14th century. From a portion of the Frontispiece Miniature of the MS. of Marco Polo in the Bodleian. (Borrowed from the National Miscellany, published by J. H. Parker, Oxford, for 1853–55; and see Street’s Brick and Marble, etc., 1855, pp. 150–151.) [See vol. ii. p. 529.]
29. Three extracts from MAPS of VENICE, showing the site of the CA’ POLO at three different periods, (1) From the great woodcut Map or View of Venice, dated 1500, and commonly called Albert Dürer’s. (2) From a Plan by Cav. Ludovico Ughi, 1729. (3) From the Modern Official Plan of the City.
34. Diagram of arrangement of oars in galleys.
35. Extract from a fresco by SPINELLO ARETINI, in the Municipal Palace at SIENA, representing a GALLEY-FIGHT (perhaps imaginary) between the Venetians and the fleet of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and illustrating the arrangements of mediæval galleys. Drawn from a very dim and imperfect photograph, after personal study of the original, by the Editor.
37. Extract from a picture by DOMENICO TINTORETTO in the Ducal Palace at Venice, representing the same GALLEY-FIGHT. After an engraving in the Theatrum Venetum.
49. MARCO POLO’S GALLEY going into action at CURZOLA. Drawn by Signor Q. CENNI, from a design by the Editor.
50. Map to illustrate the SEA-FIGHT at CURZOLA, where Marco Polo was taken prisoner.
57. SEAL of the PISAN PRISONERS in Genoa, after the battle of Meloria (1284). From Manni, Osservazioni Storiche sopra Sigilli Antichi, tom. xii. Engraved by T. ADENEY.
75. The Convent and CHURCH of S. LORENZO, the burial-place of Marco Polo, as it existed in the 15th century. From the Map of 1500 (see above). Engraved by the same.
78. Arms of the TREVISAN family, according to Priuli.
120. TAILED STAR near the Antarctic, as Marco Polo drew it for Pietro d’Abano. From the Conciliator of Pietro d’Abano.
PROLOGUE.
Page 3. Remains of the Castle of SOLDAIA or Sudák. After Dubois de Montpereux, Voyage autour du Caucase, Atlas, 3d s. Pl. 64.
7. Ruins of BOLGHAR. After Demidoff, Voyage dans la Russie Méridionale, Pl. 75.
15. The GREAT KAAN delivering a GOLDEN TABLET to the two elder Polos. From a miniature in the Livre des Merveilles du Monde (Fr. 2810) in the Library at Paris, fol. 3 verso.
16. Castle of AYAS. After Langlois, Voyage en Cilicie.
18. Plan of ACRE as it was when lost (A.D. 1291). Reduced and translated from the contemporary plan in the Secreta Fidelium Crucis of Marino Sanudo the Elder, engraved in Bongars, Gesta Dei per Francos, vol. ii.
21. Portrait of Pope GREGORY X. After J. B. de Cavaleriis Pontificum Romanorum Effigies, etc. Romæ, 1580.
37. Ancient CHINESE WAR VESSEL. From the Chinese Encyclopædia called San-Thsai-Thou-Hoei, in the Paris Library.
BOOK FIRST.
Page 42. Coin of King HETUM I. and Queen ISABEL of Cilician Armenia. From an original in the British Museum. Engraved by ADENEY.
48. Castle of BAIBURT. After Texier, L’Arménie, Pl. 3.
51. Mediæval GEORGIAN FORTRESS. From a drawing by Padre CRISTOFORO DI CASTELLI of the Theatine Mission, made in 1634, and now in the Communal Library at Palermo. The name of the place has been eaten away, and I have not yet been able to ascertain it.
55. View of DERBEND. After a cut from a drawing by M. Moynet in the Tour du Monde, vol. i.
61. Coin of BADRUDDÍN LOLO of Mosul (A.H. 620). After Marsden’s Numismata Orientalia, No. 164. By ADENEY.
76. GHÁZÁN Khan’s Mosque at TABRIZ. Borrowed from Fergusson’s History of Architecture.
95. KASHMIR SCARF with animals, etc. After photograph from the scarf in the Indian Museum.
